American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior
Position Statement on Adverse effects of Punishment
http://www.avsabonline.org/avsabonline/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=118
Adverse Effects of Punishment
Punishment can be effective in specific cases, but it must be used carefully due to the difficulties of performing it properly compared to positive reinforcement and due to its potential adverse effects. The following is a description of the difficulties and adverse effects that one should be aware of when using punishment (aversives). Continue reading AVSAB statement on effects of punishment